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Specific gravity of the batteries
The battery charge condition is judged by the electrolyte
specific gravity measurement.
Periodically measure the electrolyte gravity of the batter-
ies.
For the internal check follow the equipment manufac-
turer's standard.
The relationship between the electrolyte specific gravity
and the battery conditions are as follows:
CAUTION: The battery electrolyte is sulfuric
acid. Prevent contact of electrolyte with skin and
clothes. If this occurs rinse affected area in clean
water.
Specific Gravity Conversion
The specified electrolyte temperature for the gravity mea-
surement is 20°C (68°F).
Measure the electrolyte temperature and use the following
formula for conversion.
S20 = St + 0.0007 (t - 20)
S20 ; gravity at 20°
St ; gravity measured
t ; electrolyte temperature when measured
Battery Terminal Connections
Periodically, check the battery terminals for loose connec-
tion and corrosion.
Follow the equipment manufacturer's recommendation for
intervals.
Loose connections will cause hard engine starting or insuf-
ficient battery charging.
If the terminals are excessively corroded, disconnect the
battery cables and polish them with a wire brush or sandpaper.
Never reverse the "+" and "-" terminals when reconnecting
the cables. Even a short period of reverse connection could
damage the electrical system.
Cleaning of Battery
Clean the battery with clean water or tepid water and wipe
them with a dry cloth to remove the water.
Apply a light coat of petroleum jelly or grease to the bat-
tery post.
(2) Alternator Servicing
1. The polarity of the alternator is negative grounding type.
When an inverted circuit connection takes place, the cir-
cuit will be in short circuit instantaneously resulting in
alternator failure.
2. Do not put water directly on the alternator. Entry of
water into the alternator leads to electrolyte corrosion
causing an alternator failure.
Use caution when cleaning the engine.
3. Disconnect the battery prior to charging with an external
charger.
(3) Wiring Connections
Check all of the electrical wiring for loose connections and
damage.
7.6 Engine Assembly and Others
For continued trouble free engine operation over a long
period of time, the servicing items need a skilled maintenance
technician, therefore, consult your dealer on the following
procedures.
(1) Fuel Injection Nozzle
Use an injection nozzle tester check the static injection
starting pressure and the fuel spray conditions.
Injection nozzle pressure test interval : Every 1000 opera-
tion hours.
When the injection starting pressure is too high or too low
or the fuel spray pattern is improper, an abnormal fuel com-
bustion takes place in the engine leading to lowered output
and blackish exhaust smoke. Further, it can cause a piston
seizure or damage etc. In such cases, the injection nozzle test
or the nozzle replacement is required.
Injection starting pressure …… Refer to the main data and
specifications.
WARNING: When using a nozzle tester, keep
clear of nozzle end. Fuel oil under high pressure
can cause serious injury
Electrolyte Specific Gravity Battery Conditions
Over 1.300 Over 100%
(Over charged)
1.290 - 1.270 100%
1.260 - 1.240 75%
Below 1.230 Below 50%
(Insufficiently charged)